Redness and sensitivity occur when the skin’s protective barrier is compromised or when inflammatory pathways overreact to normal stimuli. According to DermNet NZ, “The skin barrier provides protection from external threats such as pathogens, chemicals, irritants, and allergens, which might cause an immune response if permitted to pass through to the deeper epidermal or dermal layers of the skin… A defect in the skin barrier can facilitate the transport of allergens or haptens… inducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines causing inflammation of the skin”
Common Signs of Sensitive or Reactive Skin
- Burning, stinging, or itching sensations
- Redness that lasts beyond initial exposure
- Increased tightness or dryness
- Visible capillaries (broken blood vessels)
- Flare-ups with skincare, sun, or weather changes
Key Causes
- Compromised barrier: Reduced ceramides and lipids let irritants in and moisture out
- Immune system reactions: Overproduction of inflammatory mediators causes redness and swelling
- Environmental factors: UV rays, wind, and pollution worsen skin sensitivity
- Product reactions: Fragrance, alcohol, and harsh acids often irritate reactive skin
Fast Facts About Sensitive Skin
Factor | How It Affects Skin | Clinical Note |
---|---|---|
Barrier damage | Increases water loss | Seen in eczema, rosacea, sensitized skin |
Immune triggers | Overproduction of cytokines | Leads to redness, swelling, burning |
Environmental stress | Sun, wind, cold | Known to trigger flare-ups |
Irritating products | Harsh cleansers, fragrance | Common in cosmetic sensitivity cases |